Native architecture of a human GBP1 defense complex for cell-autonomous immunity to infection. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38422126/)

These scientists studied how our bodies fight off infections using a very powerful defense system. They found that when our cells detect harmful bacteria, they can create a huge protective structure made up of 30,000 tiny proteins called guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs). This structure acts like a nanomachine that can destroy the bacteria.

The scientists observed that this protective structure takes only a few minutes to build and can last for hours. It needs a special molecule called guanosine triphosphate to work and also recruits other proteins like caspase-4 and Gasdermin D to help send signals to our immune system.

Using a special imaging technique called cryo-electron tomography, the scientists were able to see how one of these proteins, GBP1, changes its shape to insert itself into the bacteria and trigger the release of a harmful substance called lipopolysaccharide. This substance activates caspase-4, which helps in fighting off the infection.

By understanding how this defense system works, the scientists hope to develop better ways to protect our bodies from harmful bacteria and keep us healthy.

Zhu S., Bradfield CJ., Maminska A., Park ES., Kim BH., Kumar P., Huang S., Kim M., Zhang Y., Bewersdorf J., MacMicking JD. Native architecture of a human GBP1 defense complex for cell-autonomous immunity to infection. Science. 2024 Mar;383(6686):eabm9903. doi: 10.1126/science.abm9903. Epub 2024 Mar 1.